Born in Gaza City on March 16, 1966, Osama Atiya Ahmed al-Muzaini is married and has five daughters and three sons. He received a bachelor's degree in physics from the Islamic University in Gaza in 1984, a master's degree in counseling and mental health from Ain Shams University in Egypt, a second master's degree in psychology from the Islamic University in Gaza in 2001, and a doctorate in psychological counseling and mental health from Ain Shams University in 2005. He worked as a lecturer at the Faculty of Education at the Islamic University in Gaza from 2014 to 2020, and assumed the chairmanship of the Psychology Department at the university in 2015.

He took over the former Ministry of Education in Gaza on April 27, 2011, and continued in his position until 2014.