Born in Khan Younis on March 28, 1946, Mohammed Eid Hammad Shabir is married and has two sons and four daughters. He received his primary and secondary education in Khan Younis, his high school degree in 1964, his bachelor's degree in pharmacy and chemistry from Alexandria University in 1968, an advanced diploma in biochemical analysis from Cairo University in 1976, a master's degree in microbiology from Alexandria University in 1977, and a doctorate in biomedical sciences specializing in clinical microbiology from West Virginia University (United States of America) in 1990.

He worked as a lecturer at the Islamic University, then as an assistant professor in the Department of Medical Analytics at the Faculty of Science, then progressed in academic and administrative positions, where he was appointed head of the Department of Medical Analytics, then dean of the Faculty of Science. He served as president of the university from 1993 until his retirement in August 2005. During this period, he completed more than 15 scientific researches in the field of medical analysis and microbial contamination, and participated in many scientific conferences in the same field. He also founded the Department of Laboratory Medical Sciences at the Islamic University, contributed to the opening of the Master of Medical Analysis program, was a member of the American Microbiological Society, and was a member of the Higher Education Council from 1993 to 2005.

Shabbir worked in politics, and his name was put forward for the Palestinian prime ministership in 2007. He did not become prime minister despite a consensus, and Salam Fayyad became prime minister after the split in 2007.